Tinjauan Literatur tentang Hubungan Mutasi Genetik dengan Resistensi Obat pada Mycobacterium Tuberculosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70608/j8dmhg15Keywords:
Genetik, TB, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, OATAbstract
Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah salah satu penyakit menular yang paling mematikan di dunia, yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberkulosis. Menurut laporan terbaru dari Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO), sekitar 10 juta orang menderita TBC setiap tahun, dan hampir 1,5 juta di antaranya meninggal akibat penyakit ini. Resistensi obat pada M. tuberkulosis terjadi ketika bakteri mengembangkan mekanisme untuk bertahan terhadap obat-obatan yang dirancang untuk membunuh mereka. Salah satu mekanisme utama yang menyebabkan resistensi ini adalah mutasi genetik pada genom M. tuberkulosis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tinjauan literatur sistematis. Sumber data diperoleh dari berbagai basis data ilmiah seperti PubMed, Google Scholar, dan ScienceDirect. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 100 artikel yang ditinjau, 25 artikel berhubungan langsung dengan mutasi genetik yang menyebabkan resistensi obat pada Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Analisis dari 25 artikel ini mengidentifikasi sejumlah gen dan varian spesifik yang berperan dalam mekanisme resistensi obat. Gen-gen tersebut berhubungan dengan resistensi terhadap obat-obatan seperti isoniazid, rifampicin, Pirazinamid,streptomisin dan etambutol. Pentingnya memahami mekanisme pengobatan ini untuk mengembangkan strategi pengobatan TBC yang lebih efektif dan mencegah resistensi obat yang semakin meluas, sekaligus memperkuat upaya global dalam mengatasi dan mengobati TBC.
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